There are reports of lung damage in 7 months after the consumption of raw leaf katuk with a dose of 150 g / day and after 22 months of severe lung damage and permanen.Bahan and how: Use reference books, research findings from within and abroad. The study includes ecological, economic, efficacy, efeksamping, and hope the depan.Data analyzed descriptively.
Know Your Plants katuk
Katuk leaf is the leaf of the plant Sauropus adrogynus (L) Merr, family Euphorbiaceae. Local name: spy (Malay), Simani (Minangkabau), katuk (Sunda), Kebing and Katukan (Java), Kerakur (Madura). Located in various regions in India, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia to grow in the plains with an altitude of 0-2100 m above sea level.
This plant-shaped clump. The high reaches 2-3 m. Branches rather soft and divided leaves arranged alternately on one stalk, oval to round with a length of 2.5 cm and width from 1.25 to 3 cm. Flowers single or in groups of three. Long-stemmed fruit 1.25 cm. (2) Plants can be propagated by cuttings katuk of existing woody stem, approximately 20 cm long planted first. Having rooted around 2 weeks can be moved into the garden. Spacing of 30 cm length and width of 30 cm. After reaching 50-60 cm height carried out pruning to keep it young and fresh leaves obtained.
In Bogor Regency has cultivated to increase the incomes of the population. In general katuk leaves used as vegetables. In Indonesia leaves katuk used to launch breast milk, drug ulcers, boils, fever, and blood is dirty. Leaf katuk been produced as an efficacious preparation for the launch phytopharmaca milk. Ten facilitating milk containing katuk leaf has been circulating in Indonesia in 2000.
Cultivation katuk
Katuk plants cultivated in three villages of Bogor sub-district Semplak with altitude 180-220m asl, latosol soil, rainfall type A (Schmidt & Ferguson,) and the number of farmers around 100 people. Intensive maintenance can increase the productive life of 5-7 years to 11-12 years. The first harvest ranges from 3-4 tons / ha, then increased to 21-40 tons depending on the fertility of the soil. In the village of West Cilebut, District Semplak, Bogor Regency katuk traditionally planted, harvested after 2 to 2.5 months old, further pruning is done every 40-60 days. Yields ranged from 3-7 tonnes / ha, with the price of Rp500, 00/kg. Between plants include maize, cassava, and papaya. It turned out that intercropping with cassava results are better than monocultures. 25% shade levels provide tebaik influence on the number of shoots, weight of wet leaves, leaf dry weight, dry weight of roots and root length. 20 cm long cuttings and fertilizer nitrogen 5 g / tree the best effect on weight of wet leaves and roots.
Substances
The results of GCMS analysis of the hexane extract showed the presence of some aliphatic compounds. In the ether extract contained the major components that include: monomethyl succinic acid, benzoic acid and 2-fenilmalonat; as well as minor components include: terbutol, 2-propagiloksan, 4H-Appendix-4-on, 2-methoxy-6-methyl, 3-incompetent -2-one, 3 - (2-furanil), and palmitic acid. In the ethyl acetate extract contained the major components that include: sis-2-methyl-siklopentanol acetate. The content of the leaves katuk include protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A, B, and C. pirolidinon, and methyl p-dodesilfenol piroglutamat as well as a minor component.
In 100 g of leaf katuk contained: 59 cal energy, protein 6.4 g, fat 1.0 g, carbohydrate 9.9 g, fiber 1.5 g, 1.7 g ash, 233 mg calcium, phosphorus 98 mg, 3.5 mg iron, 10 020 mcg carotene (vitamin A), B, and C 164 mg, and 81 g. of water Plants can increase milk production katuk allegedly based on the hormonal effects of the chemical content of sterols that are estrogenic. In previous studies katuk leaves contain ephedrine.
Pharmacological Effect
Leaf katuk nutritious milk reproduce, for fever, boils, ulcers and blood dirty. Three researchers stated katuk leaf infusion can increase milk production in mice. Katuk leaf infusion can increase the amount of each lobule asini mammary glands of mice. One researcher stated isolates ether phase and petroleum ether extract of leaves katuk not cause increased secretion of breast milk are meaningful. One researcher states that the root dekok katuk has antipyretic effect on pigeons.
Katuk root infusion at a dose diuretics have the effect of 72 mg/100 g bb. Katuk vegetable consumption by breastfeeding mothers can take time away from real women breastfeed and babies for men only increase the frequency and duration of breastfeeding. The boiling process leaves katuk can eliminate anti-protozoal properties. Infusion of leaves katuk levels of 20%, 40%, and 80% in mice during the period of organogenesis did not cause birth defects (teratogenic) and does not cause resorbsi. Katuk raw leaf juice is used as a slimming in Taiwan.
Side effects
In Taiwan, 44 people consume raw katuk leaf juice (150 g) for 2 weeks - 7 months, side effects occur with symptoms of sleeplessness, bad eating and shortness of breath. Symptoms disappeared after 40-44 days to stop the consumption of leaf juice katuk. The results of biopsies from 12 patients showed obliteration bronchiolitis. (9) A number of 178 patients katuk raw leaf juice consumption with a dose of 150 g / day (60.7%), fried (16.9%), mixed (20.8%), and boiled ( 1.7%), for 7 months - 24 months. There are side effects after the use for 7 months in the form of symptoms of moderate to severe obstructive bronchiolitis, while consumption for 22 months or more causes permanent symptoms of bronchiolitis obliteration.
In America, since 1995 leaves katuk fries, salad leaves katuk, and beverages consumed by many people as drug antiobesitas (slimming the body). Research conducted on 115 cases of bronchiolitis obliteration (110 women and 5 men), aged between 22-66 years who previously consumed katuk leaves. In pulmonary function tests seen moderate to severe obstruction. Treatment with a mixture of corticosteroids, bronchodilation, erythromycin, and immunosuppression is almost no nutritious substances. After 2 years of bronchiolitis obliteration progression and death occurred in 6 patients (6.1%).
The boiling process leaves katuk can eliminate anti-protozoal properties. So it can be inferred heating can reduce up to negate the toxic properties of leaf katuk.
Type of preparation leaves katuk
Of the 213 types of herbs that come from nine medicinal plant, found only 6 types of herbal medicine (2.8%) containing leaf katuk. Of the six types, four types of which have an indication as facilitating breastfeeding.
2000 data shows 10 species of leaf preparations phytopharmaca katuk as facilitating breastfeeding has been circulating in Indonesia.
Conclusion
Use of leaves as a herbal medicine or preparation katuk phytopharmaca are as facilitating breastfeeding. The main side effect was constricting bronchiolitis katuk leaves permanent.
Facilitating breastfeeding research side effects to the mother and child have not penah done in Indonesia. This research needs to be done, and if it has proven its safety then the dosage phytopharmaca katuk leaves is recommended in order to have the opportunity to use.
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