Brown rice

In general, our society is more often comsume white rice as a source of carbohydrates for full stomach. In fact, rice is genetically divided into several types, such as white rice, brown rice, black rice and glutinous rice. Each type of rice has the nutrients and benefits vary. Brown rice is harder than white rice, so when the cook had to use more water and more lama.Di between different types of rice in Indonesia, the red rice or brown rice has efficacy as medicine.

Brown rice that has been known since 2800 BC, by the doctors at that time believed to have medical value that can restore a sense of calm and peace. Although compared with white rice, brown rice carbohydrate content is lower (78.9 g: 75.7 g), but the results of the analysis Nio (1992) demonstrated the value of the energy produced instead of brown rice over white rice (349 cal: 353 cal) . Besides being more rich in protein (6.8 g: 8.2 g), it is probably due to the higher content of tiamin (0.12 mg: 0.31 mg). Thiamine deficiency can disrupt the nervous system and heart, in severe circumstances called beriberi, with initial symptoms of decreased appetite, indigestion, constipation, fatigue, tingling, palpitations, and diminished reflexes.
Other nutritional elements contained in brown rice is phosphorus (243 mg per 100 grams of material) and selenium. Selenium is a trace element (trace element) which is an essential part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. This enzyme acts as a catalyst in the breakdown of peroxide into bonds that are not toxic. Peroxide can be transformed into free radicals that can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane to destroy the membrane, causing cancer and other degenerative diseases. Because of its ability that many experts say this material has the potential to prevent cancer and other degenerative diseases.
For beauty, levels of selenium can prevent premature aging. Also brown rice can also be used to mask the mixture. For example, if you want to improvise, mashed brown rice and apply on face. Currently, he also has sold a scrub of brown rice.
The research results presented at the annual Experimental Biology conference held Apri 24-28 in Anaheim, California, U.S. revealed two types of rice such as brown rice and half-rollers can reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. Researchers also reported that red rice was much better than white rice while protecting the body from high blood pressure and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).

"Our study demonstrates the potential of rice that might be a good starting point for seeking preventive medication for cardiovascular disease," researchers said Satoru Eguchi, professor of physiology at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia, USA. Previously, Eguchi and colleagues say their study noted the content of brown rice able to resist protein known as angiotensin II that contribute to high blood pressure and clogged arteries.

The content is located on a layer of chipped rice when brown rice is converted to white rice. However, that layer can be preserved when milled using traditional tools like the Japanese people.

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Ceplukan

This plant is widely sought and found by the children of rural crops at harvest time arrives. Usually during the peanut harvest. Once peanut dipanem (repealed), who lives just a grass that grows on the sidelines of peanuts, including ceplukan tree.

In seasons like this are usually old enough ceplukan trees and lots of fruit is ripe, the fruit skin is rather dry and the fruit itself has yellowed ceplukannya. In addition to searching for the remaining peanuts / left after harvest, usually the children also pick ceplukan fruit that is very sweet and tasty.

This plant thrives in low altitude up to 1550 meters above sea level. Ceplukan is a shrub season. Growing up in vacant lots that are not too muddy, the edge of the gutter, the edge of the gardens and fields. The flowers are yellow, the fruit is round and green and yellow when young, but when the old brown with sour-sweet-sour taste. Ciplukan the young fruit is protected cangkap (veil covering the fruit).
Ciplukan (Physalis minina) including in the plant family Solanaceae. Another name of Morel ceplukan include berries (England); Ciplukan (Indonesia); Ceplukan (Java); Cecendet (Sunda); Yoryoran (Madura); Lapinonat (Seram); Questionnaire, kepok-kepokan, Keceplokan (Bali), Dedes (Sasak); Leletokan (Minahasa).

The nature of this plant analgesic (painkiller), peluruh urine (diuretic), neutralize toxins, relieve cough, activate the body's glands and anti tumor. These plants have a chemical content of Chlorogenik acid, acid citrun, fisalin, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols. The fruit contains malic acid, alkaloids, tannins, kriptoxantin, vitamin C and sugar. Seeds contain elaidic acid.

With herb ceplukan, apparently incurable diseases, among others:

1. Hypertension. Provide a safe 5 grams (dried herbs) ceplukan and input into the water 110 ml. Boil the mixture for 10-15 minutes while stirring occasionally until then strain and let cool. Water decoction is drunk two times a day, morning and afternoon, each 100 ml. For attention, boiled water that has been stored more than 24 hours should not be taken because it is damaged.
2. Diabetes. To treat diabetes, provide 10 grams of safe ciplukan and 400 ml of water. Ways of making potions and use the same rules for treating hypertension.
3. Ulcers. To treat boils, provide a handheld ciplukan leaf, 1 teaspoon fennel pulasari, a betel leaves, and a little salt. Combine all ingredients and knead until soft. Spread around the ulcer. Ulcers will quickly break up and dry quickly.
4. Ulcers. Take a handful of leaves ciplukan add 2 tsp water and whiting. Mash until smooth, then paste to the affected part.
5. Bleeding Gums. Because rich in vitamin C, fruit ciplukan can be used to cure bleeding gums, do, eat 30 ciplukan fresh fruit every day.
6. Diabetes Mellitus. Way, ciplukan plants that have been fruitful and the roots removed and cleaned, then withered and boil with 3 cups water to 1 cup boiling until settled down, then filtered, and drink 1 a day.
7. Lung disease. The trick, complete ciplukan plants (roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) boiled with 3-5 cups water to boiling and filtered, taken 3 times a day 1 cup.
8. Epilepsy. The trick, 8-10 ciplukan fruit grains are cooked, eaten every day routine.

Now it is widely available in packs ceplukan capsule that can be used to address various grievances of the disease.

And you are announcing that this ceplukan fruit in European countries is a dessert the most preferred mouth, so it is a potential export opportunities. Ceplukan you ever tasted the fruit?

"From research conducted confirm if Ciplukan has the potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent," said Ameilinda Monikawati on the campus of the University of Gadjah Mada (UGM) in Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta on Wednesday (1/12/2010).

Meanfaat plants proved able to inhibit breast cancer cells after the extract used. Extracts obtained daripengolahan ciplukan fruit that has been removed roots.

Ameilinda said chemopreventive activity of ethanolic extracts of herbs Ciplukan be an alternative treatment of breast cancer patients. While breast cancer treatment with chemotherapy has been considered less effective. With chemotherapy often results in resistance, as well as some side effects such as nausea, vomiting, toxicity to normal tissue, cardiac toxicity to suppress the immune system.

"Because it takes an alternative cancer therapy safer, more affordable and effective," he said.

In vitro from this study successfully suppress cancer cell growth by 20 percent. It's just not only in vitro, to support research Ciplukan potential as a chemopreventive agent in breast cancer test is also conducted in vivo. In vivo test is aimed to observe the effect of EHC on test animals strain Sprague Dawley female rats.

Test in vivo, said hispatologi Amelianda done through observation of breast cells with haematoxylin & eosin staining method, and the activities antiproliferasi EHC with AgNOR method in mice induced DMBA. The results showed that EHC could inhibit the process karsiogenesis of DMBA and have antiproliferative activity by showing black dots (mAgNOR value) compared with the DMBA control group.

From research conducted Amelianda, Inna and Sofa concluded Ciplukan potential to be developed as an agent kemoprevensi breast cancer through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition Ciplukan can be used also as co-agent chemotherapy with doxorubicin.

"Therefore, test of selectivity and expression in a variety of proteins involved in triggers apoptosis and cell cycle regulation is necessary to know the security and molecular mechanisms in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer," said Amelianda.

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Radishes

Radishes are believed to originate from south Asia and has been cultivated in Egypt in 2780 BC. The first cultivated radish is black, and white, while radishes were developed in 1700. In Florida and California is the largest rapeseed producer in the United States.

benefits:
1. For skin care, mineral sulfur content which is helping young people build and maintain good skin care for acne and asthma that can be processed in the form of juice.
2. Radish leaves are used as facilitating digestion & liver health because it contains vitamin C.
3. Preventing colon cancer, the study in Italy showed radish / daikon in Japan of anticancer activity. Other studies also in 1978 by the Chemical Biology and Agriculture shows that contain antibacterial radishes are excellent for many types of cancer.
Nutritional value per 100g of radish *:
Calories 16 kcal, 66kj Energy, Fat 0.10g, Carbohydrate 3.40g, Protein 0.68g, Fibre 1.6G, 1.86g Sugar, Sodium 39mg, Zinc 0.28mg, Potassium 233mg, Iron 0.34mg, Magnesium 10mg, 0.050mg Copper, Calcium 25mg , Vitamin C 14.8mg, Vitamin E 0.0mg, Vit. B3 (Niacin) 0.254mg, 0.071mg Vitamin B6, Vit. B1 (Thiamin) 0.012mg, Vit. B2 (Riboflavin) 0.039mg.

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Mangosteen

Mangosteen is a fruit crop plant a tree that comes from a shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia (Maluku & jambi). From Southeast Asia, this plant spreads to areas of Central America and other tropical regions such as Sri Lanka, the Caribbean, Hawaii and northern Australia.

Rich mangosteen fruit crops will benefit from ancient times until now is still cultivated even progressed, the benefits are:

1. Rind: The most natural source of xanthones is the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), which contains over 30 xanthones. Xanthones are some of the best known antioxidants. In fact, many doctors refer to xanthones as "Super antioxidants." Because the content of the most efficacious as an antioxidant to prevent cancer, and many other benefits as inflammation of the urinary tract, tonsillitis, intestinal bleeding, worm medicine, hemorrhoids, ulcers, tumors in the oral cavity and throat.
2. Fruit: juice is used to prevent dehydration and loss of essential nutrients from diarrhea. In Tailand used to treat infected wounds, tuberculosis, malaria, and syphilis.
3. Leaf: leaf extract of mangosteen with various doses can reduce the number of spermatids cells, the addition of the number of abnormal spermatozoa, and the slow forward movement of spermatozoa of mice.
4. Bark: can be used to prevent dysentery, mouth sores and diarrhea. According to Prof. Dr. H. R. Sidik (Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Padjadjaran University in Bandung).
5. Roots: to facilitate menstruation

Kandunga nutrition mangosteen fruit per 100 g:
Calories 60-63 cal, humidity from 80.2 to 84.9 g, 0.50 to 0.60 g protein, 0.1 to 0.6 g Fat, total 14.3 to 15.6 g Carbohydrates, Total Sugars 16 0.42 to 16, 82 g (sucrose, glucose and fructose), 5.0 to 5.1 g fiber, 0.01 to 8.0 mg of Calcium, Phosphorus 0.02 to 12.0 mg, Iron 0.20 - 0.80 mg, Thiamine 0.03 mg, Ascorbic Acid 1.0 to 2.0 mg.

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Green Beans

Green beans are a type of cultivated plants and crops are widely known in the tropics. Plants belonging to the tribe of legumes (Fabaceae) has many benefits in everyday life as food sources high in protein vegetable. Green beans in Indonesia ranks as the third most important food legume crop after soybeans and peanuts.

Green beans are a good source of protein, complex carbohydrates and vitamin B. Green beans can also lower cholesterol because it is rich in fiber. Studies show that high fiber prevents blood sugar rises too quickly after eating, so it is good for diabetics. Green beans are rich in B vitamins, good for patients with ulcer disease due to the alkaline or alkaline.

The nutrients found in green beans, among others; in 110 grams of green beans contains 345 calories, 22.2 grams protein, 1.2 grams fat, vitamins A, B1, 1.157 IU, mineral phosphorus, iron, and mg. In addition to nutritional / vitamin, green beans could actually cure the disease beriberi, kidney inflammation, digestion, high blood pressure, overcome alcohol poisoning, pesticides, lead, overcome the itch for prickly heat, vomiting, strengthens spleen and stomach function, impotence , pulmonary tuberculosis, acne, black spots overcome in the face, etc..

Sari Making Green beans

Material:
1. 1genggam green beans
2. 2 cups water

Method:
1. Rinse green beans, drained.
2. Enter the green beans into a saucepan, add water, boil
3. Stir occasionally, until green beans red water
4. Lift.
5. Strain and chill.
6. Serve.

The content available on the Green Beans per 100 grams, among others:
- Carbohydrate 56.7 g

- Protein 24.0 g
- Fat 1.3 g
- Phosphorus 326 mg
- Calcium 124 mg
- Vitamin B1 0.47 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.39 mg

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Piper cubeba

Cubeb (Piper cubeba) grew to climb to a height of 15 meters and thick stems can reach 2 cm

Roots: Rooted fibers, brownish yellow

Interest: Compound, grain shape, length 30-10 cm. Flowers cubeb often called rinu

shaped ears, which usually "crossed" face to face with a leaf

that appears in the book area branch shoots. Fruit that will grow

of grains in the form of fruit that stemmed buni.

Trunk: berbuku-book

Leaves: Leaves oval, with pointed tip, like betel leaves and colored

dark green. At the base of the book can also branch out new shoots, or

interest that would become the fruit.

Scientific Klasifiasi:

Kingdom: Plantae

Divisio: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: piperales

Tribe: Piperaceae

Marga: piper

Species: P.cubeba

Binomial name: Piper cubeba

Usefulness:

Fruit Piper cubeba efficacious as a medicine shortness of breath, body warmers and deodorizing mulut.Untuk shortness of breath drug in use ± 15 grams of powdered seeds Piper cubeba, brewed with a hot cup of boiled water, after the cold filtered.

Chemical content

The fruit of this plant contain substances: oil fly (terpene-terpene, kadinen, kebeda-camphor, azulen), kubebin, acid-kubeba, resin-kubeba, gums, bitter substances, manganese and starch.

Anatomy Piper cubeba L.f.

Descriptions of the. The smell is aromatic; taste somewhat spicy and bitter.

Macroscopic: Fruit: nearly spherical shape, generally a diameter approximately 5 mm; there is a bulge at the base of 5mm to 10mm, less than 1mm thick; sometimes the base of the bulge region slightly concave. Outer surface: Generally similar hard crimped woven mesh, sometimes flat, brown or gray brown to black; surface in a smooth, light brown. Nut shell: "Colour dark brown, wrinkled. The core seed: Mainly teriri of perisperm, the top rwedapat small endosperm with the embryo inside

Microscopic. Endikarp: consists of a layer of long rectangular cells with thickened outer walls, contains the substance is yellow or brownish color and prismatic calcium oxalate hblur. Hypodermic: Consists of stone cells and thin-walled parenchyma tissue. Tues stone: Shaped isodiametris or long terms, of approximately 35 μm, single or clustered, thick walls berlignin, yellowish color, the entire node is clear, contains grains of starch. Tues oil: oval-shaped, oil-filled besarv yellow or brownish yellow perenkim mesokarp widely spread among the outside. File collateral vessels: There is in the network mesokarp a smaller-celled, slightly stretched tangentially and thin-walled; file pembulu mainly composed of spiral vessels sometimes there is a similar stone cell fibers. Mesokarp: The inside consists of a thin-walled parenchyma which generally makes a turn into parenchymal bernoktah in older seeds. Endocarp: Consists of 1 or 2 layers of yellow stone cells, rectangular to rectangular, compact and upright, its size is 30 μm to 80 μm or 130 μm (in older seeds), very thick walls, channel branching node, lumen narrow and clear. Nut shell: made up of several layers of cells extending tangential or archive, brown or reddish brown. Perisperm: Consists of large cells, polygonal-shaped thin walls, filled with starch grain size of 2 μm to 12 μm, the oil cells scattered in perisperm.

Powder: Color yellowish brown to dark brown. Endocarp fragment is a fragment identifier, with stone cells, rectangular or square, compact, upright, very thick wall of layered, colored yellow or brown, clear channel nokyah and lumen, and a hypodermic epikarp fragments with parenchymal tissue cells between the stone, hypodermic stone cells are smaller than endocarp of stone cells, thick walls yellow or brownish yellow, isodiametris or polygonal shape, parenchymal perisperm polygonal-shaped, thin wall, containing starch grains or oil, starch grains single or plural, spiral vessel in the form of fibers and stone cells short vessels from the file.

Plant physiology:

Piper cubeba included in the crop cycle fotosintetiknya C-3 because the plant Piper cubeba photosynthetic cells do not have a clear beam; energy needs (CO2: ATP: NADPH) is 1:3:2; there photorespiration, the optimum temperature for photosynthesis of 15-25 ° C.

Bronchitis is a respiratory illness, characterized by mucus hypersecretion and chronic productive cough over and over again for at least 3 months per year, or at least 2 consecutive years in patients who have known no other cause (Anonimc), 2009). Various efforts have been used by the community in tackling this disease, one of them using tradisioanal medicine (herbal medicine).

One of the plants that can be used for the treatment of bronchitis is cubeb plant (Piper cubeba Lf). Sumathykutty (1999) mentioned that Piper cubeba can be used for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, gastrointestinal diseases and rheumatism. Heyne (1950) also mentions the benefits of cubeb (Piper cubeba) as a stimulant expectorant in bronchial mucous membranes. Indonesian society had also been used as traditional medicine cubeb. However the effectiveness and quality of traditional medicine is still a lot of untested, especially concerning a matter of convenience (sense) maupaun extract the size of the dose used. It is very important especially for the treatment of a relatively long time such as bronchitis, among others to prevent boredom in patients taking the drug for the traditional and the dosing errors that can result in unwanted effects.

Above problem can be overcome with the innovation of new dosage forms by leveraging existing technology. Among them is the formulation in the dosage form lozenges. Lozenges are the type of preparation that has taste and sucked in the wearer by means mukut. This preparation is very suitable for the treatment of infections of the mouth or throat (Anonymous, 1995).

Implementation of the ideas can be done through collaboration between academia, the pharmaceutical industry and society. Academics involved in conducting research to find the optimum formula of plant extracts lozenges cubeb, which will be submitted to the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate whether it can be produced industrially. While the public can participate in the cultivation of crops cubeb, so they can assist in the provision of raw materials if the industrial-scale production can be realized.

This innovation is expected to be able to overcome the problems in traditional medicine. User comfort and safety of lozenges is better so it can be said to be more acceptable. The expectation of compliance drug use will also increase. With several advantages that are owned, lozenges cubeb extract could be a new prospective alternative in the treatment of bronchitis tradisioanal plant-based.

IDEAS

A. Bronchitis Disease

Bronchitis is a disorder of mucus hypersecretion and chronic productive cough over and over again for at least 3 months per year, or at least 2 consecutive years in patients who are not known to other causes. Symptoms and clinical signs that arise in patients bronchitis depends on the area and severity of the disease, disorder sites, and presence or absence of further complications. The hallmark of this disease is the presence of chronic cough with sputum production, the haemaptoe and recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms and clinical signs can be so great in severe disease, and may not be apparent or no symptoms in mild disease (Anonimc), 2009)

According to the Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Smoking Control, smoking is a major cause of the onset of bronchitis. Pathologically smoking-related hyperplasia of bronchial mucous glands and respiratory tract epithelial metaplasia skuamus can also cause acute bronkostriksi. Meanwhile, according to Institute for Disaster Coordinating Problems Smoking (LM3) Baradja Fuad (2009), Indonesia is a country with the third-largest number of smokers from all over the country in the world that is, after China and India (Anonimb), 2009). Thus the risk of bronchitis in Indonesia is high.

Herbal medicines to be one of the alternative treatment of bronchitis which attracted many people to this day. Besides easily accessible, drugs from natural materials are also cheaper, so affordable to the wider community. In addition there are many people who still consider traditional medicines are safer than synthetic drugs, but that assumption is not entirely true because in doses that do not fit the traditional drugs can also cause unwanted effects.

Relation to bronchitis, the people of Indonesia have long been known cubeb plant (Piper cubeba) as one of the traditional medicine of choice. Fruit cubeb is one ingredient of natural medicine that is widely used as a treatment of asthma (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1991). The fruit is used as a spice in addition cubeb also been used in the treatment of asthma, diarhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and syphilis enteritis (Eisai, 1995; Sastroamidjojo, 1997) and has been reported to have the effect of protease inhibitors on hepatitis C virus (Januario et al, 2002). Also according to Sthal (1985), can be efficacious as antiseptikum cubeb urinary tract, karminativa and expectorant in bronchitis. Sumathykutty (1999) also mentioned that Piper cubeba can be used for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, gastrointestinal diseases and rheumatism. Heyne (1950) also mentions the benefits of cubeb (Piper cubeba) as a stimulant expectorant in bronchial mucous membranes.

Cubeb many properties of the fruit caused by the content of their chemical compounds are highly variable. Some of the content of chemical compounds from the fruit cubeb have been reported among the essential oil (10-20%), bandage acid (1%), resin (2.5 to 3.5%), kubebin (0.3 to 3%), piperine (0.1 to 0.4%), in addition to some saponins and flavonoids (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1991). 5

Active compounds that may have activity as an expectorant in Piper cubeba is cubebin. Cubebin is a lignan found in many fruits cubeb. From research conducted Wahyuono et al (1999) note that kubebin have activity as trakeospasmolitik which can be useful for the treatment of asthma. Based on research Wahyonob) et al (2003) found that 2 active compounds as a main trakeospasmolitik is dihydroxycubebin and cubebin (Fig. 3).

On the other hand, with the development of science and technology in the field of pharmacy encourage new innovations in the manufacture of a formulation appropriate for the processing of natural materials into dosage forms are easily accepted by society. Thus expected to increase people's interest in consuming drugs from natural ingredients. Bronchitis treatment requires relatively long time. For that we need a way to improve comfort and compliance in consuming the traditional plants as medicine. One of the proper formulation is in the form of lozenges.

B. Suction tablets cubeb Extract (Piper cubeba)

Lozenges are solid preparations containing one or more ingredients, usually with a flavorful and sweet ingredients that can make or crushed tablets dissolve slowly in the mouth (Anonymous, 1995). Lozenges are generally intended for the treatment of local irritation or infection of the mouth or throat, but can also contain active ingredients intended for systemic absorption when ingested (Anonymous, 1995).

Lozenges is a dosage form which is used as a local anesthetic, a variety antiseotik and anti-bacterial, demulsen, astringent, and antitussives (Banker and Anderson, 1986). Selection of fruit extracts cubeb formulations in the form of lozenges is very suitable when applied to the treatment of bronchitis which requires a relatively long time. With good taste and fun it will improve patient compliance in taking the drug. In addition to the existence of these dose formulations used extracts can also be quantified precisely so that the effects of 6 and the resulting security would be better than if only the traditionally consumed as in the form of herbal medicine.

Here is the formula for the lozenges cubeb (Piper cubeba) per tablet 600 mg:

Cubeb fruit extract (Piper cubeba) 250 mg

Lactose 200 mg

Mannitol 120 mg

Gelatin 10% (w / v) 25 mg

Talk 5% 5 mg

Lactose filler material is the most widely used because it does not react with almost any drug substance, whether used in the form of hydrates or anhydrous. While mannitol is used as filler material as well as a sweetener that has a good taste in the mouth and relatively non-hygroscopic (Anonymous, 1995). In the lozenges used a combination of filler in the form of lactose-mannitol with the aim to reduce production costs because mannitol is a sugar that expensive. Mannitol is used for multivitamin tablet formulations that are not hygroscopic, and low in calories. Filler material which can increase the sense of taste sweet flavor extracts or cover that may be less enjoyable.

Gelatin is used as a binder that is to be among the materials with one another can join when compressed into tablets. Gelatin in the manufacture of the tablet has a concentration of 2-7% of the tablet formula, the solvent used is water and usually in wet granulation gelatin made solutio, musilago, or suspension (Sulaiman, 2007). Lubricant materials used in the form of talk. This material prevents adhesion between the tablet and the printer engine when the tablet compression process. In addition to using the ingredients as above it can be added other ingredients to enhance the flavors which include menthol flavorings. Taste is compatible with lozenges of this formula because it has the effect of throat, so that appropriate treatment for the bronchitis.

C. Suction Process Extract Tablet cubeb (Piper cubeba)

The process of making lozenges starts preparing ingredients such as fruit extracts cubeb. Extract powder was obtained by sum up the dried fruit cubeb using percolation method and the liquid extract obtained extract was evaporated until it becomes thick. Method for making lozenges used are wet granulation, which correspond to the substance / active substance that is fluid. 7

The next step is mixing fruit extracts cubeb thick with filler material, mixing is done by adding excipients (lactose) into the thick extract until the mixture obtained is drier. Then added fillers, sweeteners (mannitol), as well as gelatin binder material that has been made musilago with water. If the mixture has been homogenized, the next step is carried out wet sieving, resulting in granules of a certain size. The granules obtained was then dried at a certain temperature so as to produce granules with appropriate humidity and not too dry.

Granules have been dried and then sieved again with a suitable sieve, then added a lubricant material (talc) and mixed until homogeneous. The granules are then compressed with a certain pressure on tablet making machine. Once the process is complete, then it can proceed with testing the quality and physical properties of tablets which aims to determine whether the formula that made have been optimum. Some tests include the test of time were destroyed, violence and the fragility of tablets, uniformity of weight and taste test responses. Taste test responses are very important because it relates to comfort in use, whether the tablet has an appropriate sense (good) or not.

The steps of making these lozenges are very easy to apply and not too long, thus the production process will be cheaper. The materials used are relatively inexpensive and easily obtainable ingredients except mannitol sweetener that has a high price. However, this problem can be solved by adjusting the composition ratio of lactose-mannitol filler, so the use of mannitol can be suppressed as small as possible.

Some of the obstacles that may arise in the process of making these lozenges include the:

1. Capping and laminating

Capping is a state where the top or bottom of the tablet partially or completely separated from the tablet. Laminating is the separation of the tablet into two or more distinct layers. Capping and laminatingi immediately visible after printing, but can also occur after one hour or one day. Capping and laminating occurs because as the granules are too dry, high pressure, the granules are too large, the engine speed is too high (Lachman et al, 1994). This problem can be overcome by setting an appropriate tablet machine pressure and drying of the tablet that is not too long.

2. Exfoliation and attachment

Exfoliation is the term to describe the surface material from a tablet attached to and separated from the surface of the tablet by a punch. Attachment is the current expenditure of the tablet punch produces a rough side. This situation is caused by too wet granular 8, less the amount of lubricant materials, punch that has been damaged, high humidity (Lachman et al, 1994). This problem can be overcome by the addition of the proper lubricant materials and the reduction of granule moisture.

3. Mottling

Mottling is a state in which the uneven distribution of color tablets, with the presence of light areas and dark in a uniform surface. The cause of mottling is a different color of drugs with additional ingredients or if the dust-colored medicine (Lachman et al, 1994).

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Ylang flower

INTEREST ylang has been known since long. First, the princess often use it. Even the late Mother used to use it to fertilize Fatmawati and discolor hair. Are you excited to try?

Boxwood is often called kenongo (Java), makosoi (Fiji), cadenia (Spain) and Canangium odoratum Baill (Latin). Plants from the Annonaceae family is thought to have come from Southeast Asia including Indonesia. Because the smell of fragrant, it was known as the perfume tree. Higher plants can reach 30 m. In addition to growing wild in the forest, can also be planted in the yard, and can tunbuh fertile at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level.

The leaves are oval shaped, straggling bunches of flowers are green but when the old turned yellow and smell very fragrant. This flower contains bensoat acid, farnesol, geraniol, linalool, gasoline acetate, eugenol, sadrol, kadinen, and pinene. Oil content is quite high but is easy to evaporate.
In some communities in Java, ylang is often used in rituals with jasmine, roses and other flowers soaked in water from seven wells. The water bath could be called a 'Water Flower setaman'.
With the aroma of fragrant ylang flowers are yellowish green, along with jasmine and magnolia is a royal family member's favorite flowers in the kingdoms in Java. In noble families, the ylang commonly used for materials 'ngadi salira' (body care). The trick flowers or ylang oil is made as to luluran sihingga material will produce a soft skin and face. The use of fragrance with the scent of ylang own show caring for the wearer.
Added, ylang oil is also excellent for aroma therapy (aromatherapy). He will manage the flow of adrenal glands in the nervous system, causing feelings of pleasure, calm, menhilangkan anxiety, anger, and panic.

There is nothing to kosmetikan, plant part used is the extract from the tawny-colored flowers. When used in soaps will have a balancing effect for oily skin or dry skin. In addition, oil can strengthen and stimulate hair growth. As for the beauty matters, ylang oil in the mixture used in masks and scrubs. Ylang flower essential oil only produces a good material for perfume makers.

Ylang flowers contain volatile oil, known as ylang oil, which have properties and a characteristic odor. Their results showed, ylang flower extract has the ability to reject the mosquito because of the content of linalool, geraniol, and eugenol. The results showed, when applying ylang flower extract in guinea pigs, the essential oils contained in extracts of ylang flowers seep into the pores and then evaporate into the air. This odor will be detected by chemical receptors (chemoreceptor) contained in the mosquito's body and into nerve impulses. That is then translated into the brain that would express to avoid mosquitoes suck blood without guinea pig again. The more active ingredients contained in extracts of ylang flower, the greater the ability of the extract is rejected mosquitoes.

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